Imithombo nendlela yokusebenza
Zonke izibalo kule app zivela kwenye yale mithombo. Umthombo ngamunye uchaza ukuthi usekela yini nokuthi isibalo satholakala kanjani.
imithombo engu-24
- Engle, W.A. and the Committee on Fetus and Newborn (2004). "Age terminology during the perinatal period." Pediatrics 114(5), 1362–1364.
Izincazelo zobudala bokukhulelwa, ubudala kusukela ekuzalweni, ubudala kusukela osukwini lokuqala lwesikhathi sokugcina sokuya esikhathini, nobudala obulungisiwe, kanye nesivumelwano sokuthi ubudala obulungisiwe bukalwa ngamasonto angu-40.
Yincazelo — yisivumelwano, akukona ukukala - Banks, M.S. & Salapatek, P. (1978). "Acuity and contrast sensitivity in 1-, 2-, and 3-month-old human infants." Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 17(4), 361–365.
Ubukhali bokubona obulinganiselwe ngenye indlela, kusukela lapho imisebenzi ephelele yokuzwela umehluko wokukhanya inqamuka khona, kanye nefrikhwensi ephansi kakhulu yamaphethini lapho ukuzwela umehluko wokukhanya kuphakeme khona ezinganeni ezisencane.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Banks, M.S. (1980). "The development of visual accommodation during early infancy." Child Development 51(3), 646–666.
Ukuthi iphutha elihlala likhona lokugxila kanye nomthambeka wokusabela kokugxilisa amehlo kuyathuthuka kuze kufike cishe izinyanga ezingu-3–4, nokuthi iphutha lokugxilisa amehlo alibunciphisi ngendlela ebalulekile ubukhali bokubona kwezingane.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Braddick, O., Atkinson, J., French, J. & Howland, H.C. (1979). "A photorefractive study of infant accommodation." Vision Research 19(12), 1319–1330.
Ukugxilisa amehlo ngendlela engaguquguquki lapho isidingo sokugxila siphansi, cishe ngo-1.3 D (cishe amasentimitha angu-75), okuvela phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-3 nezingu-6.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Clavadetscher, J.E., Brown, A.M., Ankrum, C. & Teller, D.Y. (1988). "Spectral sensitivity and chromatic discriminations in 3- and 7-week-old human infants." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 5(12), 2093–2105.
Ukuthi zimbalwa izingane ezinamasonto angu-3 ezikhombisa ukwehlukanisa imibala ngokuqinisekile kanti iningi lezinamasonto angu-7 liyakwenza, kanye nokudlula kwemibala enobude bamagagasi obude emasontweni angu-3.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - DeCasper, A.J. & Fifer, W.P. (1980). "Of human bonding: newborns prefer their mothers’ voices." Science 208(4448), 1174–1176.
Ukuthi izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zikhetha izwi likamama wazo — yinguquko enkulu enikeza umehluko wezinga lezwi likamama incazelo yawo.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Gerhardt, K.J. & Abrams, R.M. (2000). "Fetal exposures to sound and vibroacoustic stimulation." Journal of Perinatology 20(8 Pt 2), S21–S30.
Ukunciphisa okucishe kube ngu-30 dB ngaphezu kuka-600–1000 Hz, esinye sezibalo eziningi ezishicilelwe ezingavumelani, i-app ezibika njengebanga.
Kwenziwe kwaba yidijithali — kufundwe kumdwebo oshicilelwe, ngakho kunokungaqiniseki kwamaphesenti ambalwa - Haynes, H., White, B.L. & Held, R. (1965). "Visual accommodation in human infants." Science 148(3669), 528–530.
Ibanga eliphakathi lokugxila elingamasentimitha angu-19 ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa eziphapheme — umsuka wenkulumo ethi “izingane zibona amayintshi angu-8–12” (amasentimitha angu-20–30), esishiwo ukuze i-app ikwazi ukusho ukuthi yini iphepha elikusekelayo nokuthi yini elingayisekeli.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Held, R., Birch, E.E. & Gwiazda, J. (1980). "Stereoacuity of human infants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 77(9), 5572–5574.
Ukuqala ngokuzumayo kwe-stereopsis phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-3 nezingu-5 — okuchazwa ku-app futhi okungakaze kudwetshwe, ngoba isikrini esiyisicaba asikwazi ukukuveza.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Hepper, P.G. & Shahidullah, B.S. (1994). "Development of fetal hearing." Archives of Disease in Childhood 71(2), F81–F87.
Ukuqhubeka kwebanga lemisindo ezwakalayo phakathi nokukhulelwa: ukusabela kokuqala emasontweni angu-19 ku-500 Hz, u-96% osabela ku-250 naku-500 Hz kodwa kungabi khona osabela ku-1000 noma ku-3000 Hz emasontweni angu-27, zonke zisabele ku-1000 Hz uma sekufike amasonto angu-33 naku-3000 Hz emasontweni angu-35.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - ISO 226:2003, Acoustics — Normal equal-loudness-level contours; with Fastl, H. & Zwicker, E. (2007). Psychoacoustics: Facts and Models, 3rd ed. Springer (minimum audible field).
Umugqa oyisisekelo wezinga eliphansi kakhulu lomsindo ozwakalayo kumuntu omdala, lapho ukukhuphuka kwengane kwengezwa khona.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Mohn, G. & van Hof-van Duin, J. (1986). "Development of the binocular and monocular visual fields of human infants during the first year of life." Clinical Vision Sciences 1(1), 51–64.
Ibanga lokubona elincane lengane esanda kuzalwa nokwanda kwalo phakathi nonyaka wokuqala — okuchazwa ku-app, okungadwetshwa ngamabomu njengendingilizi emnyama.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Neijzen, C.M., de Wit, F.M., et al. (2025). "Reference values for the Teller Acuity Cards II (TAC II) in infants and preverbal children, a meta-analysis." Acta Ophthalmologica. doi:10.1111/aos.17447.
Umugqa wobukhali bokubona ngamehlo omabili osuselwa kulokho ingane ekwenzayo, i-app ewudwebayo, nokungaqiniseki kwawo okushiwo okungu-0.16 kwamayunithi e-log10, okungashintshi nobudala.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Norcia, A.M. & Tyler, C.W. (1985). "Spatial frequency sweep VEP: visual acuity during the first year of life." Vision Research 25(10), 1399–1408.
Umugqa wobukhali bokubona osuselwa ekusabeleni kobuchopho (i-swept-VEP), obikwa eceleni kwalowo osuselwa kulokho ingane ekwenzayo njengomkhawulo ophezulu, nesibalo esiyisisekelo somuntu omdala esiyimijikelezo engu-24.3 ngedigri esakalwa kuwo lowo mshini.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Norcia, A.M., Tyler, C.W. & Hamer, R.D. (1990). "Development of contrast sensitivity in the human infant." Vision Research 30(10), 1475–1486.
Izinga eliphansi lomehluko wokukhanya kumaphethini amakhulu, lehla lisuka ku-7% emasontweni angu-2–3 liye ku-0.5% uma sekufike amasonto angu-9, kuqhathaniswa no-0.32–0.22% womuntu omdala, kanye nesimo sezigaba ezimbili sokukhula komehluko wokukhanya.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Olsho, L.W., Koch, E.G., Carter, E.A., Halpin, C.F. & Spetner, N.B. (1988). "Pure-tone sensitivity of human infants." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84(4), 1316–1324.
Iqoqo eliyinhloko ledatha yamazinga aphansi okuzwa amathoni ahlanzekile, elisekela ushadi lokuzwa kwezingane.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Peeples, D.R. & Teller, D.Y. (1975). "Color vision and brightness discrimination in two-month-old human infants." Science 189(4208), 1102–1103.
Ukwehlukanisa okubomvu nokumhlophe okwaqinisekiswa ezinganeni ezinezinyanga ezimbili.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Querleu, D., Renard, X., Versyp, F., Paris-Delrue, L. & Crèpin, G. (1988). "Fetal hearing." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 28(3), 191–212.
Isimo sesisu sokudlulisa amafrikhwensi aphansi, lapho amafrikhwensi angaphansi kuka-400 Hz elondolozeka kahle kanti ukunciphisa kukhuphuka ngaphezu kwalokho.
Kwenziwe kwaba yidijithali — kufundwe kumdwebo oshicilelwe, ngakho kunokungaqiniseki kwamaphesenti ambalwa - Regal, D.M. (1981). "Development of critical flicker frequency in human infants." Vision Research 21(4), 549–555.
Ifrikhwensi ephansi lapho ukuphazima kuhlangana kube ukukhanya okungaguquki emasontweni okuqala, efinyelela emazingeni acishe abe awabantu abadala ngezinyanga — kuyachazwa, akudwetshwa.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Richards, D.S., Frentzen, B., Gerhardt, K.J., McCann, M.E. & Abrams, R.M. (1992). "Sound levels in the human uterus." Obstetrics & Gynecology 80(2), 186–190.
Okwakalwa ngaphakathi esibelethweni somuntu: izwi likamama lakhuliswa ngo-5.2 dB, izwi lowesilisa elivela ngaphandle lincishiswe ngo-2.1 dB kanti izwi lowesifazane elivela ngaphandle lincishiswe ngo-3.2 dB.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Skelton, A.E., Maule, J. & Franklin, A. (2022). "Infant colour perception: Insight into perceptual development." Child Development Perspectives 16(2), 90–95.
Uhlu lwezikhathi lwalolu buyekezo olubeka ukuvela kokubona imibala phakathi kwamasonto angu-3 nezinyanga ezingu-3.
Kutholakele ngokubala — kususelwe emthonjeni ngobudlelwano obushiwo - Varner, D., Cook, J.E., Schneck, M.E., McDonald, M. & Teller, D.Y. (1985). "Tritan discriminations by 1- and 2-month-old human infants." Vision Research 25(6), 821–831.
Ukwehlukanisa okubonakalayo kwemibala esebenzisa amaseli e-S (i-tritan) ezinyangeni ezingu-1 nezingu-2, okuyisona sizathu sokuthi i-app ingakwenzi kube yindaba enkulu ukungabikho kokubona okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophuzi izinyanga eziningi.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - Werner, L.A. (2002). "Infant auditory capabilities." Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery 10(5), 398–402.
Amazinga aphansi okuzwa asuselwa kulokho ingane ekwenzayo, angu-40–55 dB SPL enyangeni engu-1 ehlela ku-10–30 dB SPL ezinyangeni ezingu-6–12; izinga eliphansi lokuzwa ku-4 kHz elicishe libe ngu-10 dB kuphela ngaphezu kwelomuntu omdala ezinyangeni ezingu-6, kanti amafrikhwensi aphansi akhula kuze kube sebuntwaneni; nokuthi umsebenzi we-cochlea usuphelele ekuzalweni, ngakho ukukhuphuka kwalawo mazinga kuvela endlebeni ephakathi nasebuchosheni.
Kukaliwe — kufundwe ethebulini elisephepheni locwaningo - World Health Organization. "Preterm birth" fact sheet. Definition: birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation.
Umkhawulo wamasonto angu-37 owehlukanisa ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nokuzalwa ngesikhathi.
Yincazelo — yisivumelwano, akukona ukukala
Lapho ucwaningo lungavumelani, le app iyakusho lokho esikhundleni sokukhetha olulodwa buthule. Izindlela ezimbili ezamukelwayo zokukala imininingwane engabonwa yingane zinomehluko ophindwe cishe ka-3 kuya ku-6.5 kubudala obufanayo.
Lokhu akukona ukuhlolwa kwamehlo noma kokuzwa. Uma kukhona okukukhathazayo, khuluma nodokotela wezingane noma nodokotela wamehlo ezingane.